Trade name search usa. Click any result to view details.

 
Trade name search usa Pick a name that is easy for people to remember. However, logging in will give you access to even more features and enhancements in the future, including options to customize your search experience based on your preferences. business locations with addresses and phone numbers) • By Company Name • • By Person Name • • By Phone Number • For Filing and Business Related Questions Maryland Department of Assessments & Taxation 410-767-1330 | Outside the Baltimore Metro Area: 888-246-5941 Here, you can search our online records, learn about our searching and retrieval services, and view educational videos and materials. FTA or Trade Preference Program. Arlamol PS15E: Yes-Yes: Yes-Yes--Ethox Chemicals, LLC. Please enter a search string that consists of least four characters. Jul 19, 2024 · A trademark can protect the name of your business, goods, and services at a national level. Patent Center. Design description Description of any design element in a trademark, such as an image or logo. ” All other trade names are filed with the county recorder in the county where the business is located. Most business name generators combine dictionary words to make longer names. You can still search our trademark database without logging in. gov means it’s official. Search the world’s largest open legal-entity database or plug the data direct into your applications and processes. Choose “Starting With,” “Any Words,” “All Words,” or “Exact. The Trademark Decisions and Proceedings search tool contains public information about trademark-related decisions and proceedings issued by or conducted under the authority of the Commissioner for Trademarks or the Director of the USPTO. search or paste multiple numbers. This mobile site allows the user to perform a “Full Name” or “Partial Name” search of any business entity within the State of Indiana on your smart phone. Trademark Search Search your trademark within the United States Trademark Office. or domestic businesses with activities outside the U. U. Click on the link Jan 16, 2025 · Use our directories of Canadian companies to find suppliers, research competitors, check a company's federal corporation status and more. A comprehensive clearance search includes: The USPTO trademark search system of federally registered and pending trademarks Search by business name, trademark, trade name, ID or document number: More search options: Name availability search; Advanced search; Business survey information search; Ensure that the names included in the search results are not similar to the name you would like to assign to your business. Search For A Delaware Business Entity. Below are links to pages explaining how to search each state’s business entity database so that you can conduct your own free LLC name search. International business Foreign businesses with activities in the U. Use quick search and enter a Business Name or Business Registry Number to search. 604, 331. Locate the first section and click the radio button presented so that a query on an entity name can be performed. Quadracel® DTaP-IPV: Sanofi: IM Click for new AI based Trademark Search : Enter the code shown above Unique, brandable names. Trademark protection applies to use of the business name in all 50 states in the U. Oregon Business Search. The fee for filing a Trade Name is specified in Iowa Code Secs. Help us enhance your user experience by sharing your feedback and suggestions. Conducting a Small Business Search is currently in Beta. Please enter a filing name or a valid Filing ID and click 'Search'. How to Perform an Entity Search. You may query by either Arabic or English or both in one search query. Our business name search only takes a few hours to complete, and if your business name is available in your state, you can 3. Search Available Names. Our business lookup: General license; Secretary of State Corporations Registration Data Search: Corporation and limited liability company names. Recommended Service More than 84% of our readers form their LLC through a specialized LLC formation service in order to save time and avoid potential penalties. The . ” or “LLC. Oklahoma Business Search. 331. Let's use “USPTO” and “United States Patent and Trademark Office" as an example: Search for the exact wording in your trademark Search the combined mark field using the field tag “CM. ” We can file your Fictitious Business Name with your state on your behalf. 00, payable by cash, credit, check or money order made payable to the Somerset County Clerk. 00 Trade Name Dissolution – $25. A corporation name is officially registered when you file your state’s formation documents (e. A trade name search helps to reduce costs by preventing infringement claims. gov account FAQs. Accessing and using the website to perform a Virginia Business Entity Search is free. . Fictitious Names Trademark Elite provides online trademark search tool, and it is the largest free trademark search site. The best way to conduct a trademark search is to think like the trademark examiner. At Better Trademark, we’ve simplified the process for you. Office of the Georgia Secretary of State Attn: 2 MLK, Jr. The entity information provided on this website, free of charge, consists of the entity name, file number, incorporation/formation date, registered agent name, address, phone number and residency. Please continue to our Louisiana Business Filings search page to search for Louisiana business filings. A Corporate name search is carried out by us searching all business and corporate entity names. Any query must be performed in the Corporations Database to view the entity’s information. This allows users to view a Washington entity’s information on the screen as the state recorded it. Usually, you'll be able to find something close to what you need. A comprehensive search can show you if there are other registered marks that are “confusingly similar” and therefore likely to result in marketplace confusion. You can also subscribe to Commercial API, an application programming interface, to search for business information directly from your proprietary electronic systems. Just enter the name of the company you are searching for and click Search. You may also reserve the name to register later at $10 for 120 days. BUSINESS NAME REGISTRATION. Form of Payment Check/Money order Credit Card (Mastercard/Visa) Cash-Check/Money order made payable to “Atlantic County Clerk’s Office” State of Indiana. Jan 17, 2025 · You can carry out a trademark search by searching the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) trademark database, searching for unregistered businesses, searching designs and logos, and searching international trademark databases. , Articles of Incorporation, Certificate of Formation, Certificate of Incorporation, etc. Jul 31, 2024 · Table 2: Vaccine Names, Abbreviations, Trade Names, and Manufacturers, Combination Vaccines; Vaccine Trade Name Abbreviation Manufacturer Route Doses in Routine Series Approved Ages Comments; DTaP, Polio: Kinrix® DTaP-IPV: GlaxoSmithKline: IM: 1: 4-6 years: Inactivated, Adj. A trade name can be the original name of the business or a fictitious business name. Getting the business name you want is an excellent start, but it's even better to get the domain name that goes with it. Before paying to reserve a business name, check to see if the business name is available first. ) in the Search Functionality field. Jan 3, 2025 · Search for Trade Names and Trademarks. The Form D serves as a brief notice that Nov 26, 2024 · Search for domain names. The most basic type of USPTO trademark search is a "knockout" or "direct-hit" search—a search for an exact or nearly exact name match in the same trademark class as your product or service. The Business and Public Filings Division is responsible for the receipt, filing and permanent maintenance and retention of documents that create or affect business organizations and non-profit entities. 12. Nov 4, 2024 · Tools & links; Online patent tools. Believe it or not, a lot of rules apply to choosing a business name and they vary significantly from state to state. The six-digit design codes are found in the Design Search Code Manual by browsing the TABLE OF CATEGORIES or using the KEYWORD SEARCH. One could use the business entity search tool to obtain the formal name of a business entity along with its public records. We value your input. Your search report with our industry-only risk assessment is assembled using our proprietary search algorithms based upon certified USPTO search strategies. Once an entity has been found, records concerning its current status, contact information, processing agent, and history may be reviewed. Step 1. Use the free text search field, filter options, and sort Select the search type in the Search By field. Select the Entity from the Search Results. mil. Initial search. NC Gov; State Board of Elections; Contact Us 919-814-5400. Jan 21, 2025 · Commerce. Feb 11, 2010 · If your search is "John Smith" and you didn't get the results you expected, please try "Smith John. The Michigan LARA business entity search page allows for a few different queries to be run. Get expert trademark consultation and register your trademark, company name, or slogan. You may use either the name of the business entity or its filing number with the Secretary of State Division of Corporations. Discover, research, and understand trademarks from across the United States, all under one comprehensive platform. A Comprehensive Trademark Search looks at multiple public and private databases of company names, domain names, state trademarks, press releases, business publications, among others. Our Trademark Engine Global Search reviews the USPTO database, the databases of all 50 states, a business registry, the database of domain names, the World Intellectual Property Organization (“WIPO”) database, the Canadian Federal Trademark database, the European Community database, the France Federal database and the German federal database. After supplying at least one of these fields with criteria, select the “Search” button. In most states, you’ll search for available LLC names on the Secretary of State business entity database, which keeps records of all registered business entities, including limited liability companies, corporations, limited partnerships, and limited liability Jul 21, 2024 · If a business owner can work high placing keywords into the business name, it will go to the top of the search engines with less work. Use the Secretary of State’s office to look up a business entity by entering its name, number, or officer. Jan 18, 2025 · Trademark Decisions and Proceedings search tool. By leveraging these tools and seeking professional guidance, one can effectively navigate the intricacies of a US name search, ensuring a legally sound and unique business identity. To conduct an LLC or Corporation search in Virginia, visit the Virginia Secretary of State Website Enter the name or number required you wish to search. Business Entity Search. Locate online patent services and information. 2023/12345). Set The Query To Find A New Jersey Business Name. Delete Domains View Domains You have 0 I filed my trade name prior to this new law, is it still valid? Yes, trade names filed prior to 1/1/2025 remain valid until 12/31/2029. Search online for domain name availability. Ultimately, this name would be your public identity, and it would stay with you for many years and you need to make sure that it has not been used by performing an entity name search. If you were unable to submit your application before January 18, drafts created prior to that date have been removed and electronic signature requests have expired. Ensure the business name is easy to pronounce and spell. After you've done your brainstorming and research, it's important to double-check that any names you're considering are available in your state before making a final decision. Trademark Electronic Search System will tell you whether someone else has trademarked your name. Type the name of the sought New Jersey business in the “Search Criteria” text box. Oct 3, 2024 · How to Check LLC Name Availability. In addition to a name, you may also want to register a trademark for your business. 1. Visit the Arizona Secretary of State website. When searching by a name, the type of matching can be changed (begins with, contains, etc. " The SEC does not require companies that are raising less than $1 million under Rule 504 of Regulation D to be "registered" with the SEC, but these companies are required to file a Form D with the SEC. ; OR. For a relatively low cost, you can elect to have an attorney at Trademarkia represent you in filing a trademark application. Search your trademark in the United States by name, number, or owner’s name. Important note: When printing the trade name form This is just a basic search, a business name is deemed available only upon final approval of the Utah Division of Corporations. Select the Search button. Search Scope: If you choose "Begins With" the search results will only display business names that start with the same words entered in the search box. Search for a Trademark; Trademark Forms; Emblem Forms; Farm/Ranch/Home Name Forms; Search for a Business; Search Business Name Apply for a Trade Name Certificate . Corporate directories search finds out those using a similar name to yours on the corporate directories. Search US trademark database. This search allows you to find names that are currently reserved by another person or entity. Trade Name Change of Address Application. Pay Jun 18, 2024 · A Trade Name is a name used for business purposes, often called a “Doing Business As” (DBA) name, and doesn’t include legal entity designations like “Inc. See additional How to do a business name search in North Carolina: Visit the North Carolina Secretary of State’s business search page. Nov 4, 2024 · Trademark Search system . Ethox 5383 Jan 1, 2025 · Search for Trade Names! Before submitting a Trade Name/DBA (Doing Business As) application, it is recommended that applicants verify that the desired business name is available. After confirming the name is available, you may begin the registration process immediately. Before finalizing your LLC name, ensure that your chosen name or a similar one isn’t already protected by intellectual property laws. Download and fill out the Trade Name Change of Address application. Enter the value for the name or ID being searched in the next field. Dr. Review the search results to determine if the name is available or taken. Search by business entity name: Search by requestor name: Number of records per page: Sep 30, 2024 · There are a number of large databases you can search to see if any other entity has an existing claim to a business name you’re considering: United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) Trademark Electronic Search System (TESS) ICANN Domain Name Registration Data Lookup Find out if a name is already in use . Use the Expert Search if you need to search for a logo by design code. A Change of Address Form should be filed with the County Clerk's Office when a Business Trade Name address changes to a new location within Passaic County. Free Nationwide Business Search (free commercial database of 28 million U. To help streamline this process, we created this all-inclusive guide highlighting free resources for conducting free business name availability searches Criteria for Business Name search in Massachusetts is done using: Entity Name, Individual Name, ID Number, Filing Number, and Entity Type. Press the “Search” button. Why Performing a Business Search is So Important. At least one of the required fields must be supplied with information to run the query. Sometimes, however, the business name you want will be available—but not the related File for a business online, search existing Ohio businesses and learn more from the Ohio Secretary of State's Business Services Division. The Connecticut Secretary of State allows users to search its records for a specific business entity using a search tool provided on its website. Read about: how to select a unique trade name. We'll let you know when the new Small Business Search is ready! Reflect the company culture behind your business; Consider how the name will hold up long term; Ensure domain availability for at least some variation of your company name; What to Expect With Our Free Business Name Search. Search or browse the directories or register your own company. Jan 23, 2025 · If you choose a business name and register it as a DBA, the legal name of your business defaults to your name as the business owner or another entity owning the fictitious name. Search Records Corporations, Limited Liability Companies, Limited Partnerships, and Trademarks. Depending on your state’s rules, this could be known as an “assumed name,” “fictitious name,” “doing business as name” or “trade name. Step 1: Search LLC Names. Depending on which type you choose you may or may not need to answer questions about non-profit status and professional status. Federal government websites often end in . enter your brand name or slogan the owner’s name the application number (eg. How to check business name availability in Oregon. Click any result to view details. Goods and services What a trademark is used in connection with An official website of the United States government. Search for Louisiana Business Filings. If you need to narrow down results, you can also specify a city or state to limit results by location. The first step in trademarking a product name is to search the US Patent and Trademark Office’s (USPTO’s) Trademark Electronic Search System, which is commonly referred to as TESS. Governmental Immunity Act Database This service allows users to retrieve the address and contact information of Governmental Entities for the purpose of delivering a notice of claim. Find a product by typing the name of an insurance company, underlying mutual fund, or contract Mar 6, 2024 · Fortunately, a business search can ensure the name you pick will be yours alone, as well as in compliance with other state guidelines regarding business names. The cost of filing is $25. The TEAS initial application forms have been retired. Fee is $5. A quick search on the U. Have a legal question? Get free answers from experienced lawyers! Ask Question Apr 27, 2023 · Head on over to USPTO, or the United States Patent and Trademark Office, to do a simple search for already-trademarked business names. ) Entity County; Agent Name; Agent Type (e. Welcome to Better Trademark: Your Ultimate US Trademark Search Database. Jul 9, 2024 · How to Register a Corporation Name Register Your Name. Information found on Business Name Search is strictly for informational purposes and does not construe legal or financial advice. * To search for Appearance Enhancement Licensees (Cosmetology, Nail Specialty, Esthetics, Natural Hair Styling, Waxing and Businesses) and Barber Operator and Business Licenses, you must go to the License Center and select Search Link Manufacturer Inert Mixture Name 910 920 930 940 950 960 Non Food Only Other Status; Croda Inc. 2. A trade name is similar to a "doing business as" ("DBA") name, and is not legally required but is an acceptable business practice. Want to learn about the search builder feature? It can help you formulate your searches. ” Design code Numerical code assigned to a specific type of design or image, used to search in the Trademark Electronic Search System (TESS) for trademarks that include that type of design. 3 Your Report is Delivered United States business name search directory by state. Read more on our trademark search system updates page. Patent and Trademark Commission: Search for federally registered names. Contact Us & FAQs; Fee Schedule. 00 payable in cash or money order paid to “Passaic County Clerk. Trade Name Search. Select an option The United State Patent and Trademark Office will not necessarily approve every name for a trademark. A trade name does not grant exclusive rights to a business name, nor is a trade name similar to a corporation or limited liability company ("LLC"). Nov 30, 2023 · The former Trademark Electronic Search System (TESS) was replaced by the new Trademark Search interface on November 30, 2023. Partnership A relationship existing between two or more persons who join to carry on a trade or business. gov or . Register a trade name. Failure to do so will result in a rejected application. If you wish to file a name reservation, click here for instructions and the name reservation form. ” 1. While choosing a trade name, conflicts are likely, and therefore a trade name search needs to be conducted. File a Business License Application online with My DOR. Enter the desired business name in the search bar. When the list of names is returned click the name and the information page will be returned. Search by Trademark Name, Number or Applicant Most states allow you to conduct business under a different name. Here’s how you know keyboard_arrow_down On January 18, 2025, new trademark fees became effective. File all submissions to the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board, such as oppositions, cancellations, notices of appeal, after final actions. Trademark search training webinars U. Trademarks prevent others in the same (or similar) industry in the United States from using your trademarked names. ga. After entering a query, the ‘search results page’ will show all matching entities related to the query. Support. If old trade names are valid through 12/31/2029, won't the new Connecticut Trade Name Registry be incomplete? Yes, the registry will not contain all active trade names until January 1, 2030. Namelix generates short, branded names that are relevant to your business idea. Incorporate a business or terminate an LLC File documents to register a business or terminate an LLC. Need help? See our USPTO. You will need to restart your trademark application in Trademark Center. Assignment forms. Follow these steps when checking LLC name availability for an LLC:. Apply for a Trademark – Filing for a registered trademark from the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) offers the most protection for a business name. Online Services Trade Name Trade Name Amendment Trade Name Dissolution. While preliminary trademark searches are a critical part of Aug 28, 2024 · Step-by-Step Guide to Conducting a Business Name Search. Access The Washington Business Entity Search Tool It may take up to 10 business days for the Corporations Division to review a document submitted with standard service. Business Name Search is not affiliated with any government agency. Oct 30, 2024 · Someone who owns an unincorporated business by themselves. Making Trademark Search Better If no results match for your business name, search with a portion of the business name or you may conduct a more thorough search with the options located below the search box. , LLC, Corporation, Partnership, Trade Name, etc. Secure your business identity with TradeMark Express's comprehensive registration services. Use the SecStates custom corporation web search tool. Search by: Name; Officer/Registered Agent; Registered Agent Name; Trademark Name; Trademark Owner Name; FEI/EIN; Detail by Document Number; Zip Code; Street Address; Need help with your search? Corporation Records Search Guide. A preview of the entities will appear, including: Entity ID; Entity Name; Entity Type (e. g. Search for Assumed Names(Doing Business As/DBA). Select the first option to find a business using its name. ). Initiate The Search For A Texas Business Entity. gov/ Free and Open Company Data on 225 million companies and corporations in over 145 jurisdictions, including US, UK, Switzerland, Panama NOTICE: The OpenCorporates web portal will be down for planned maintenance on Mondays the 17th of February, the 24th of February, and the 3rd of March, You may also complete a State Business License Registration or Notice of Exemption form and mail, fax or drop at one of our offices. Optionally filter by the status of the entity being searched in the Entity Type field. Third party advertisements support hosting, listing verification, updates, and site maintenance. Establishing the uniqueness and legality of a business name is not merely a procedural step but a strategic necessity. Suite 313, Floyd West Tower Atlanta, GA 30334-1530, Phone: (404) 656-2817 Toll-free: (844) 753-7825, WEBSITE: https://sos. Any business found that matches the search criteria will be returned regardless of status or availability of the name for a new business registration. Other Agencies. Apr 12, 2024 · Types of US Trademark Search There are two primary approaches to conducting trademark searches in the US: Free Trademark Search: The United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) offers a free Search System on its website. The general public can utilize this business entity search tool at any time online to seek public information about a business, such as its registered agent or principal office address. The “Search Registered Businesses” section allows for several types of searches. Click the security check. ” A Corporate Name is the official name of a registered corporation with the appropriate legal suffix. This gives you the power to check if a business name has been reserved in the State of Pennsylvania, the status of the business that owns it, or to find that Pennsylvania entity’s general and public information. Return to top. File assignments, name changes, and other conveyances of title . 605A; To register a trade name, a verified statement (trade name form) must be recorded with the county recorder. You may find different search results here than in DSBS, so please continue to rely on DSBS for your professional needs for now. Online Records Collections Search our online copyright records by choosing from an option below. If your business is already set up and you would like to reserve another name to “do business as,” click here to Register a Trade Name. Trademark Trial and Appeal Board forms. : Approved as 5th DTaP and 4th IPV. The USPTO generally describes names as “generic,” “descriptive,” “suggestive,” “arbitrary,” or “fanciful. Make sure the business name is not too difficult to incorporate into a logo and other branding. After, select the search button. Division Information we have Information we do not have The following information is not recorded in our Department: To narrow down this search, you may enter all or part of a county name or a city name or a Zip Code. Additionally, several options will allow for more information to be displayed on-screen. You can limit the number of total items displayed to 25, 50, or 100. File and register your trademark by licensed attorneys to protect your business name or product name. 00 Trade Name Amendment – $50. You must provide the Department ID of the business that will use the Trade Name you wish to register. ” May 23, 2024 · US Trademark Search. Jul 2, 2024 · An official website of the United States government Product Search. A trade name is the name under which a business operates, and it’s not necessarily the same as the legal entity name. find your goods or services or select class for better results. Importance of US Name Search. Made in USA Directory. Please keep in mind the following: Most states also allow for the reservation of a name before filing the LLC paperwork for a small fee. Applying to register a trademark is simple and affordable with Trademark Elite Business Entity Name Search for all 50 States in the USA Giving a name to your business is one of the most challenging things to do when forming an LLC. Select The Preferred Search. Fees Trade Name Certificate – $50. Expedited service may be requested for an additional fee when completing an online form. Filing a trade name registers a business name for public record. 00. Searches for Available Names determines if a business name is available to be used in the Business Formations service to begin the process of forming and registering a new If you have trademark experience, you can use free online resources like our Trademark Search engine, or the Trademark Electronic Search System offered to the public by the US Patent and Trademark Office(USPTO) to search for existing marks that are identical to your planned trademark. When you save a name, the algorithm learns your preferences and gives you better recommendations over time. 11. Search By Company Name or Products. May 2, 2023 · LLC Name Search; Company Search Name; Search Business Entity Filings; Fictitious Business Name Search; Doing Business As (DBA Name) Search; Every state has slightly different ways of wording its site, so you’ll have to check how to search for a business entity’s name in your state agency. To verify the name you would like for your business is available, type the proposed name into the search box. We’re committed to making ongoing updates to the search tool to serve you better. There are a number of online service providers who can assist in a trade Whether you're in business, government, journalism, activism, research or a consumer — our goal is to help you better understand the companies you deal with. g Trademarkia is the registered trade name of the law firm Trademarkia Venture Partners, and is the largest trademark filing law firm in the United States. Single interface replacement for EFS-Web, Private PAIR and Public PAIR Jun 8, 2023 · Trying to come up with the perfect business name is no easy task. S. Search for Corporations, Limited Liability Companies, Limited Partnerships, and Trademarks by Name The Pennsylvania Department of State business entity search page has been set up and maintained by the state government for public inquiry. Under “Search By,” select “Company. Navigating the terrain of trademarks shouldn’t be complex. File an Annual Report File an annual report for a Corporation, Not-for-Profit, or Limited Liability Company online. Want to watch a search webinar? See our federal trademark searching webinar series to register for upcoming sessions, or watch recordings of previous webinars. Next, enter the Michigan entity’s name (or a keyword) in the search box. Click "Search". Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site. If using this tool to check for name availability, click the documents in the "Database Tips" section below for information on how to search the name to ensure compliance with Wyoming statutes. Jan 10, 2025 · In the USPTO's Trademark Search, you can search by name, design code (for logos), trademark class, and several other trademark elements. This service includes all features which are present in federal & state searches, offering additional features as well. Click on the business structure your business will be set up and registered as. Jun 24, 2024 · Order a printed presentation copy of your trademark registration certificate; 10. Select the “Business Name Search” tool. Try out the new design and share your feedback to help us improve before we officially launch. Check LLC Registry The LLC Registry is a database that contains information about, you guessed it, Limited Liability Companies. Navigate to the Business Services section. DISCHARGE OF A TRADE NAME - Any business that recorded a Trade Name Certificate in this office is required to discharge the certificate upon dissolution of the business. gov is the official website of the United States Department of Commerce and Secretary of Commerce. Dec 13, 2023 · How to Trademark a Product Name Step 1: Search the Federal Database. Search Search Businesses Search for a business entity, reserve a name, print a Certificate of Good Standing, and more. Nov 30, 2023 · Therefore, we encourage you to search the internet for third-party references to your trademark (and similar trademarks) used with goods or services that are related to your goods or services. The USPTO is launching a beta version of our new trademark search system to make searching for trademark Updated Trademark Datasets now available The United States Patent and Trademark Office’s (USPTO) Office of the Chief Economist released the 2022 updates to Apr 16, 2024 · If your trademark includes words, such as a brand name or slogan, search for other trademarks that it conflicts with based on the wording. Type the name or a keyword found in the name of the Texas business entity into the second text box on this page. The cost of trademarking a name is usually too high for a startup business, but it’s good to know if your name is already taken. This page allows you to search our database of over 28 million business locations in the United States. While you can use a different type of search item, our goal will be to find an entity or business by name. This basic tool allows searching by trademark name, registration number, or owner name. Frequently asked questions related to the State Business License. yuhtu mmc tejwi oavu cdwyh rogpvcg cjnhhl cpo kvqpae ibcqgbr jgmydz aprckf fspwv ylbf lmbn