Penny errors list Rare 1993 Penny Errors List 1993 D Penny, Roosevelt Dime Reverse. In 1905, on President Theodore Roosevelt’s recommendation, the Mint hired the renowned sculptor, Augustus Saint-Gaudens, to create new designs for the double eagle, eagle, half eagle, and quarter eagle as well as the cent. Package and Mail Coins Banknote Submission Guide Package and Mail Banknotes The Lincoln penny is an iconic coin and has a very special place in the history of US numismatics. 2021 Penny Errors, Varieties, & Values. 10970 ounces). Blank coins; Broadstrikes; Clipped planchets; Die cuds; Off-center coins Mar 3, 2025 · History of the 1999 Penny. This cent is distinctive because the letter “D” appears on the back, signifying that it was produced at the Denver Mint. 05 mm (1. 1970 Penny Grading. Rare 1986 Penny Errors List. Spotting errors needs patience and a good understanding of what to look for. com Mar 3, 2025 · Also read: 13 Most Valuable Wheat Penny Worth Money. Their diameter is 1. Feb 6, 2025 · 1984 D Penny Value – Have you ever collected coins in jars at home? Perhaps one of the most frequently encountered coins is the 1984 d penny value. Wheat pennies were a way to honor President Abraham Lincoln’s 100 anniversary. Mar 3, 2025 · Originally, the U. 8, depending Jan 29, 2025 · In this article, we cover the value range of 1953 wheat pennies including the auction records for the pennies from this year. 5 billion pennies in 1973 and therefore they are not considered rare either. Rare 1995 Penny Errors List 1995 (P) No Mint Mark Penny, Double Die Obverse. Knowing a coin’s features will can help you identify high-value Wheat Penny errors, assess coins worth a premium, and determine authenticity. The first American penny was created in the late 1700s (1793) by the newly-formed United States government. You will also find a brief introduction to the grading system used to value old coins and a list of errors to look for that may increase the value of 1953 wheat pennies. In particular, error pennies have captured the attention of both collectors and investors, with some rare varieties selling for tens of thousands of dollars. Wheat Pennies and Memorial Pennies have the same obverse design. Feb 6, 2025 · 1971 Penny Value – Everyone must have a change in their pocket, but some people do not realize that the change you have is valuable. Feb 26, 2024 · All add value to any collector’s list. The most common ones are doubling or tripling errors when the second or third strike lands on a slightly different spot from the first strike. From 1909 to 1982 (except for 1943 ), one-cent coins were made out of 95% copper, 2. Designed by Victor D. Mar 3, 2025 · The 1952 wheat penny belongs to the Lincoln cent coin series, first struck in 1909. However, its reverse side is significantly different than the original 1909 design featuring two wheat stalks. Studying a coin’s history is important for knowledge and potential profit, as rarity and demand can affect its value. Mar 3, 2025 · Rare 1994 Penny Errors List When a coin is first released to the public, numismatists and investors look at it closely to spot and report any errors. 11 g (0. Mar 3, 2025 · Well, you have come to the right place because our 2009 penny errors list will reveal everything you need to know about collecting high-value 2009 penny errors. 1972 Penny Struck-through Grease US Error Coin. Brenner created both the obverse and reverse. The United States Mint launched the Bicentennial One Cent Program in 2009. Nov 12, 2024 · 1969-S Doubled Die Penny. 1949 D Mint Mark Penny comes from the Denver Mint. 5 days ago · Here are the 2 major lists of penny errors to look for — which includes a total of 9 different types of error pennies: RARE PENNY ERROR LIST. Depending on their condition and rarity, these coins are highly prized by collectors and may be worth thousands of dollars. And a 1976 D-Penny in MS 67 and MS 67+ state is worth up to $450 and up to $1000, respectively. Mar 3, 2025 · 1945 Wheat Penny Coin Value (Errors List, “D”, “S” & No Mint Mark Worth) 1992 Penny Coin Value (Errors List, “D”, “S” & No Mint Mark Worth) 1938 Penny Coin Value (Errors List, “D”, “S” & No Mint Mark Worth) 1912 Penny Coin Value (Errors List, “D”, “S” & No Mint Mark Worth) Rare 2006 Penny Errors Worth Money (Full Mar 3, 2025 · Type: Lincoln Penny Edge: Smooth Mint mark: D Place of minting: Denver Total Minted: 3,549,576,588 Year of minting: 1973 Face value: $0. The same applies to the 1982 Lincoln penny. Mar 3, 2025 · Rare 1919 Wheat Penny Errors List Errors can increase the value of your wheat penny. Mar 3, 2025 · In 1975, the larger denominations (Quarter, Half Dollar, and Dollar) were struck with two dates to mark America’s Bicentennial i. So, whether you are an experienced collector or just getting started, now is a great time to start collecting high-value penny errors to build your Lincoln penny collection. It is Frank Gasparro’s work featuring the Memorial in the central area, with a small President’s statue positioned inside. Mar 3, 2025 · History of the 2024 Penny. Several defects can be found in the 1944 Wheat Pennies. . In 2020, a Heritage Auction sold a 1956 double die penny without a mint mark for more than $40,000. Start hunting today! Mar 14, 2025 · Are you looking to complete your Lincoln penny collection and wondering which errors are worth good money? You’ve come to the right place! We wrote this 2022 penny errors list to help you identify errors worth more than a penny’s face value of $0. The Lincoln penny was firsts struck in 1909 to commemorate the 100 th birth anniversary of President Abraham Lincoln. And in 2020, a similar penny sold for only $99. The Lincoln penny itself, also known as the Lincoln cent holds a special place in our country’s history as it was the first U. Aug 10, 2022 · 2007 penny errors and rare doubled die varieties are sought after collectible coins. Whether you are getting started or have been collecting coins for a while, investing in uncirculated, penny errors is definitely a step in the direction. Regardless of its widespread availability, the value of a 1992 penny Mar 3, 2025 · Rare 1989 Penny Errors List Despite being a modern coin, the 1989 pennies often come with various imperfections . Nov 24, 2020 · A List of Lincoln Cent Errors and Values. Value by Mint Mark. One of the most common types of these errors in the 1957 wheat penny is when the coin was struck on a 10-cent planchet instead of a 1-cent planchet. The next time you are about to toss out that 2017 Lincoln cent, look at it twice; you might spot errors worth hundreds or even thousands! Mar 3, 2025 · Our 2008 penny errors list will reveal some examples of popular penny errors worth good money. Collectible Coins to Look for in Circulation. Rare DDOs & DDRs. In the open market, the price of a 1993 penny starts a dollar each (for lower grade coins) to as high as $4,600 (for the highest PR70 graded coins). 1 day ago · 1981 Penny Coin Value (Errors List, “D”, “S” & No Mint Mark Worth) 1951 Wheat Penny Coin Value (Errors List, “D”, “S” & No Mint Mark Worth) 1916 Penny Coin Value (Errors List, “D”, “S” & No Mint Mark Worth) 1893 Indian Head Penny Coin Value (Errors List & No Mint Mark Worth) Rare 2009 Penny Errors Worth Money (Full List Jan 27, 2025 · This penny went on to be sold for $998. The fascinating world of error coins represents one of numismatics’ most intriguing and potentially lucrative segments. These coins are identifiable by the D mint mark on the obverse. Strike-through and related production errors show significant value variation: Learn about the rarest and most expensive penny errors from 1900 to 2020, such as the 1943 D Struck on Bronze Planchet and the 1944 Steel Penny. Mint mistakes verified within the first 30 days get an FS number which makes them more valuable than later coin flaws. 06 for fine condition. 16 in Mint State and at least $1. Whether they are barely visible to the naked eye or so significant to affect the overall coin shape and design, they make them costly. Mar 3, 2025 · History of 1913 Penny. Here’s the difference between the rim vs the edge of a coin. The Lincoln cent, also known as the Lincoln penny, replaced the Indian Head cent, becoming the first U. Although Lincoln pennies from 1986 may not be as profitable, some with minting Mar 3, 2025 · 2017 Penny Coin Value (Errors List, “D”, “S” & No Mint Mark Worth) 12 Different Types of US Coins (with Pictures) John Saechao. • Missing mint mark error, especially valuable as Philadelphia mint coins typically included mint marks that year. Structurally, these coins are the same as the 1949 No Mint Mark Philadelphia penny except that there’s a small D right below 1949 on the obverse side. Mar 3, 2025 · Rare 2001 Penny Errors List The U. Coins with a small amount of off-center error, such as the 1996 Lincoln penny with only 3% off-center, have negligible value. These mint mistakes are called First Strike Errors, and they get FS Numbers. Uncover the top penny errors to look for that can boost your collection and profits! Our collector's guide reveals rare coins you don't want to miss. Considering technological progress, the list of errors that occurred during minting is surprisingly high for a less than 25-year-old coin. You’ll know if that wheat penny you got from your pocket change can make you rich. Examples of die errors include this 1946 no mint wheat penny, which has a “major die break” on the left side of the coin; it sold for an impressive $288 in 2021. This is your cue to start now if you have been considering collecting Lincoln penny errors. But they have different reverse designs, so on the Memorial Lincoln Cent, graders pay extra attention to the steps and the statue. 1976 Penny Grading Mar 13, 2025 · Also read: 17 Most Valuable Indian Head Penny Worth Money. Mar 3, 2025 · 1910 Penny Coin Value (Errors List, “S” & No Mint Mark Worth) 2002 Penny Coin Value (Errors List, “D”, “S” & No Mint Mark Worth) Rare 2022 Penny Errors Worth Money (With Pictures) Rare 2015 Penny Errors Worth Money (Full List) Rare 2003 Penny Errors Worth Money (Full List) Jun 1, 2021 · 1972 Penny Errors, Varieties, and Values. The 1945 plain-edged one-cent penny is a round coin made of 95% copper. But, errors are not all the same; some are worth more than others so it helps to know which ones to pay attention to. Mar 3, 2025 · Rare 1944 Wheat Penny Errors List. 75 – $5 in PF60 for Proof variants. coin to feature a president’s portrait. The Lincoln cents from 1971 are round coins with a plain edge. Mar 3, 2025 · 1909 VDB Penny Coin Value (Errors List, “S” & No Mint Mark Worth) 1948 Wheat Penny Coin Value (Errors List, “D”, “S” & No Mint Mark Worth) 1899 Indian Head Penny Coin Value (Errors List & No Mint Mark Worth) 1877 Indian Head Penny Coin Value (Errors List & No Mint Mark Worth) Rare 2006 Penny Errors Worth Money (Full List) Therefore, the 1984 penny is regarded as a Lincoln Memorial penny that complies with the new composition, which was 97. 05 mm), and they weigh 0. Mint produced close to 10 billion Lincoln pennies in 2001. One of the most common is the ‘BIE’ error, as the die would frequently break when striking the ‘Liberty’ word between the letters B and E. Because of its significance, as well as the success and popular approval it has always received, this coin is regarded as one of the most important in American history. Mar 14, 2025 · 1965 Penny Coin Value (Errors List & No Mint Mark Worth) 1978 Penny Coin Value (Errors List, “D”, “S” & No Mint Mark Worth) 1976 Penny Coin Value (Errors List, “D”, “S” & No Mint Mark Worth) Rare 2019 Penny Errors Worth Money (With Pictures) Rare 2012 Penny Errors Worth Money (Full List) Mar 3, 2025 · 1988 Penny Coin Value (Errors List, “D”, “S” & No Mint Mark Worth) 1985 Penny Coin Value (Errors List, “D”, “S” & No Mint Mark Worth) 1925 Penny Coin Value (Errors List, “D”, “S” & No Mint Mark Worth) 2017 Penny Coin Value (Errors List, “D”, “S” & No Mint Mark Worth) 12 Different Types of US Coins (with Pictures) Mar 3, 2025 · 1944 Wheat Penny Coin Value (Errors List, “D”, “S” & No Mint Mark Worth) Top 10 Most Valuable Canadian Penny Worth Money 65 Most Valuable Lincoln Penny Coins Worth Money (Full Lists) Free Shipping on $199+ Orders Search. Oct 2, 2024 · The 1973 Lincoln penny may seem like an ordinary coin, but for collectors and numismatists, it holds significant potential, especially when considering its errors, mint marks, and grade. But the penny is a different matter. 75 inches (19. S mint launched the Lincoln cent in 1909 to commemorate the 100 th anniversary of Abraham Lincoln. But in the years since then, the 1990 penny value has dropped. Hopefully, our list serves as a good starting point in identifying 2018 Lincoln pennies worth money. Mar 3, 2025 · 1973 Penny Coin Value (Errors List, “D”, “S” & No Mint Mark Worth) 65 Most Valuable Lincoln Penny Coins Worth Money (Full Lists) 1966 Penny Coin Value (Errors List & No Mint Mark Worth) Mar 3, 2025 · 1916 Penny Coin Value (Errors List, “D”, “S” & No Mint Mark Worth) 1893 Indian Head Penny Coin Value (Errors List & No Mint Mark Worth) Rare 2001 Penny Errors Worth Money (Full List) Mar 12, 2025 · The 1971 Lincoln Penny other features. Mar 3, 2025 · Also read: 13 Most Valuable Wheat Penny Worth Money. For many people, a dime may be of no value. 1 Comment. Feb 16, 2025 · 1943 Steel Penny Errors List Mint errors can raise the investment value of any coin, and at least 20 are listed by Cherry Pickers. Mar 3, 2025 · The mint at Denver also struck millions of pennies in 2023. 5% copper. Mar 3, 2025 · Rare 1980 Penny Errors List Imperfections in a coin’s design are considered minting errors . 33 to $0. Feb 9, 2025 · 1990 Penny Value – If you are familiar with coin collecting, then you have already understood the value of each penny, even though pennies are just the regular smallest currency, some of them might be worth more than you think. Here are 5 of the rarest and most valuable types of penny errors: #1 – Doubled Die Pennies Discover Rare Penny Errors: CoinHub's comprehensive list of valuable penny mistakes. 1922-D (no “D”) – $500+ 1943 Bronze – $100,000+ 1944 Steel – $75,000+ 1955 Doubled Die Obverse – $1,000+ Here, our coin experts are sharing current coin values for common coins and rare coins — including wheat pennies, Indian head pennies, state quarters, silver coins, gold coins, bicentennial coins, commemorative coins, and much more. These minting errors can increase the value of your coin by a few dollars, making them worth adding to your Lincoln penny collection. Mar 3, 2025 · The 1977 Lincoln penny was first released in 1909 to commemorate 100 years of Abraham Lincoln’s birth. Rare US Coins to Collect. 01. coin to feature the portrait of a real person, more so, a president. 17 – $1. 02 – $0. 05 for good condition and $0. e. So, let’s get started and discover 2008 Lincoln pennies worth collecting. Features of the 1915 Penny. Mar 13, 2025 · Rare 1976 Penny/Cent Errors List The US Mint released numerous imperfect 1976 pennies , making collectors delighted. The 1989 penny also referred to as the “Lincoln cent” has a face value of $0. US Coin designer and engraver Victor D. Mar 3, 2025 · Rare 1932 Penny Errors List When collecting 1932 pennies, there are a few notable errors to watch for. Error Coins By Denomination - see all of the pennies, nickels, dimes, quarters, half dollars, and dollar coins with errors you should be looking for! Several significant die variety errors have been documented in 2023: 3. Therefore Mar 3, 2025 · Also read: 17 Most Valuable Indian Head Penny Worth Money. 75 in 2016. The following list is Blanks/Planchet Broadstrike Brockage Capped Die Struck Through Die Cap I ncomplete Planchet "Clip" Lamination Off-Center Rotated Die Double Strike Triple Strike Die Break "Cud" Die Clash Double Clash Defective Planchet Split Planchet Bonded Coins Struck Through Struck Feb 11, 2025 · Value. These are 5 of the most common types of rim errors:. A List Of More Than 100 U. Mar 3, 2025 · 1944 Wheat Penny Coin Value (Errors List, “D”, “S” & No Mint Mark Worth) Top 10 Most Valuable Canadian Penny Worth Money; 1958 Wheat Penny Coin Value (Errors List, “D” & No Mint Mark Worth) 1900 Indian Head Penny Coin Value (Errors List & No Mint Mark Worth) 1912 Penny Coin Value (Errors List, “D”, “S” & No Mint Mark Worth) Mar 3, 2025 · Rare 1953 Wheat Penny Errors List Because coin errors can be so valuable, experts try as hard as possible to spot them within 30 days of the coin’s release. 10970 ounces (3. Today, a 1976 D-Penny with an MS 65 Mint State is valued at $7. Mar 3, 2025 · 1945 Wheat Penny Coin Value (Errors List, “D”, “S” & No Mint Mark Worth) 1948 Wheat Penny Coin Value (Errors List, “D”, “S” & No Mint Mark Worth) 1899 Indian Head Penny Coin Value (Errors List & No Mint Mark Worth) 1877 Indian Head Penny Coin Value (Errors List & No Mint Mark Worth) Rare 2006 Penny Errors Worth Money (Full List) Mar 3, 2025 · Also read: 17 Most Valuable Indian Head Penny Worth Money. 200 years since independence. Mar 3, 2025 · As our 2011 penny errors list will reveal, some uncirculated penny errors can be worth a premium. Like their Philadelphia counterparts, circulated 2023-D pennies are only worth more or less their face value of $0. The 2024 Lincoln penny continues the tradition of honoring President Abraham Lincoln on the obverse of the coin. Mar 3, 2025 · 1989 Penny Coin Value (Errors List, “D”, “S” & No Mint Mark Worth) 1890 Indian Head Penny Coin Value (Errors List & No Mint Mark Worth) 2000 Penny Coin Value (Errors List, “D”, “S” & No Mint Mark Worth) Rare 2019 Penny Errors Worth Money (With Pictures) Rare 2012 Penny Errors Worth Money (Full List) Mar 3, 2025 · As our 2014 penny errors list reveals, Lincoln penny with errors can be extremely valuable if you know what to look for. John Saechao is a respected California-based coin collector, known for his diverse and These 1957 wheat penny errors refer to a set of coins struck on the wrong planchets, resulting in unusual and rare errors that collectors highly treasure. So, without further ado, let’s find out 2010 penny errors worth money! 4 days ago · History of the 1933 Penny. 5% tin, and 2. Approximately, 153,132,500 of these units were produced. Coin Value Contents Table. It launched in 1909 Jul 28, 2021 · Furthermore, the best chance of finding mint state 2020 penny errors and varieties is to search through uncirculated 2020 original wrapped bank penny rolls. Value: $50,000 to $70,000+ There are few Lincoln Memorial pennies more rare or valuable than the 1969-S doubled die. 33. As with most other coins, the errors drastically boost the price. Mar 3, 2025 · 1922 Penny Coin Value (Errors List, “D” & No Mint Mark Worth) John Saechao. Rare 1962 Penny Errors List 1962 D Penny, Full Brockage Reverse. This was the first time in U. The 1933 penny belongs to the long-running Lincoln cent series that the United States Mint has minted since 1909. Brenner, the obverse side of the 1982 penny depicts an image of the late President Abraham Lincoln facing right. For instance, check out a 2007 cent doubled die reverse in the image below. Mar 3, 2025 · Our 2010 penny errors list will reveal some of the most valuable coins to look out for if you want to significantly increase the value of your Lincoln penny collection. Nov 4, 2024 · The 1945 Dime: Historical Context and Value The 1945 dime Mar 3, 2025 · As our 2016 penny errors list reveals, Lincoln pennies or cents with errors can be a valuable addition to your collection, especially those rare gems found in high grades. 5% zinc. The 1970 D penny is a widely available coin that was minted at the Denver Mint in great quantities – a whopping 2,891,438,900! Therefore, the value that it brings in is not super high, though the higher the grade, the higher the price due to their rarity and collector appeal. Mar 3, 2025 · As our 2006 penny errors list reveals, errors can be worth a premium if you know how to spot the right ones. The value of the 1945 no mint mark penny is $0. The 1995 Penny, specifically the DDO in Philadelphia and Denver, initially sold for high prices due Mar 14, 2025 · Also read: 17 Most Valuable Indian Head Penny Worth Money. Image Credit: pcgs Coin collectors have shown an interest in the 1951 Denver Mint Mark Wheat Penny. Sometimes mistakenly called the 1969-S double die by some collectors, the 1969-S Lincoln doubled die cent is truly a fantastic variety. • Can fetch significant premiums, especially in higher grades. The value of the 1972 penny is low, as these coins were minted in massive quantities with a face value of a cent. Some coins are easy to find, while others are the rarest wheat pennies. 98 to $2. Mar 3, 2025 · The modern Lincoln penny’s reverse design appeared in 1959, and you can also see it in 1968. This penny was made of pure copper and had an image of Lady Liberty with flowing hair on the obverse and a circle of 15 chain links on the reverse, symbolizing the 15 states. Mar 3, 2025 · 1988 Penny Coin Value (Errors List, “D”, “S” & No Mint Mark Worth) by John Saechao Coin Value Updated On March 3, 2025. These examples would certainly be worth adding to your collection. Find the current Errors values by year, coin varieties, and specific grade. They try to find all the possible variations and errors to complete the set. Extremely fine coins are worth $0. coinage history that a real human was depicted on the obverse of a coin; coins traditionally featured the fictional Lady Liberty. Generally, Lincoln pennies are only worth their face value. Even the coins in mint condition sell for $0. Collectible Doubled Ear & Doubled Die Shield Pennies. So, even though its face value is only a cent or one-hundredth of a dollar, it can still fetch prices way above that. 11 g). We’ll now explore the physical attributes of the 1915 Lincoln cent. Do you think the 1961 penny has outlived its value? You’re wrong! This year’s $6,600 auction record shows these pennies still command a high value. Mar 3, 2025 · 1906 Indian Head Penny Coin Value (Errors List & No Mint Mark Worth) 1957 Wheat Penny Coin Value (Errors List, “D” & No Mint Mark Worth) 1994 Penny Coin Value (Errors List, “D”, “S” & No Mint Mark Worth) 1904 Indian Head Penny Coin Value (Errors List & No Mint Mark Worth) Rare 2020 Penny Errors Worth Money (With Pictures) There are dozens of types of known Lincoln Cent Errors. Here, we will look at the most valuable wheat penny errors list. However, those with 6% or 10% off-center can bring in around $12, while the most valuable pieces are those with about 60% off-center with the visible date and mint mark , which are typically worth about $100. See pictures, values, and how to identify these coins with a magnet. Each piece has a diameter of 19. Arrows note the doubling displaying along a pillar. It is not uncommon for collectors to pay hundreds and even thousands for unique penny errors. In 2019, another 1990 penny in MS68 Red condition sold for just $204. Additionally, searching 2020 mint sets ensures a mint state grade specimen. Mar 3, 2025 · Other features of the 1945 Wheat Penny. Search Mar 3, 2025 · As you will see in our 2017 penny errors list, Lincoln pennies can be worth a fortune if you know what to look for. A 1976 D-Penny in MS 66 Mint State is valued at up to $40. Feb 5, 2025 · 1976 Penny Value – Knowing the history and value of the 1976 penny, maybe most of you don’t know if the 1976 penny value is worth more than the nominal itself. With so many coins struck in a single year, there are bound to be minting errors. 5% zinc and 2. A regular strike 1961 penny costs $0. S. 23, while uncirculated coins are valued at $0. 01 Price: $0. Strike-Related Errors. • Notable for doubling on the reverse side, specifically on the lettering. FREE Appraisal & Sell Your Coins. 96 The Denver Mint struck over 3. Mar 3, 2025 · Our 2002 penny errors list is the ultimate guide to building a Lincoln pennies collection worth a fortune! Generally, Lincoln pennies are only worth their face Rare 2002 Penny Errors Worth Money (Full List) - CoinValueChecker. Although its face value is just a penny, certain errors during the minting process have increased the value of some 1993 penny. To know the real value of this coin, several factors must come into play, including the rarity and the The Wheat cents or Lincoln Cents include the 1950 cents. The 1913 penny is part of the Lincoln Wheat Penny series, which the United States Mint struck from 1909-1958. The 1992 penny is a common circulating coin that was minted in large quantities, making it relatively easy to find in circulation or collections. Mar 3, 2025 · 1956 Wheat Penny Coin Value (Errors List, “D” & No Mint Mark Worth) 1984 Penny Coin Value (Errors List, “D”, “S” & No Mint Mark Worth) 1902 Indian Head Penny Coin Value (Errors List & No Mint Mark Worth) Rare 2017 Penny Errors Worth Money (Full List) Rare 2010 Penny Errors Worth Money (Full List) Mar 3, 2025 · As our 2018 penny errors list shows, coins with unique errors can be worth so much more than face value. 75 inches) and a weight of 3. • Considered one of the rarest Lincoln Cent errors, commanding prices up to $25,000. Mar 12, 2025 · 2024 Penny Coin Value (Errors List, “D”, “S” & No Mint Mark Worth) John Saechao His lifelong passion for numismatics has shaped an impressive portfolio, spanning multiple eras and continents. pqw ueegpl irnaoqo vadvzmu vllkfc buxwc begqxgju rrugoup jivrwa xijzft iluom mbckidm qdx luepi dfdi